In this study, we present the case of a&nbsp;nine-year-old male patient who had initially presented to the emergency department with a right both-bone forearm fracture. He was treated with closed reduction and long-arm casting. The cast was applied for six weeks and then replaced with a short-arm cast for two weeks. The patient returned with a both-bone forearm refracture one and a half months after the removal of the cast. Surgical treatment was initiated and an intramedullary nail fixation was applied. The patient sustained a new trauma five months postoperatively. The condition was diagnosed to be a refracture of the both-bone forearm with an intramedullary nail in situ. Closed reduction was performed, but an acceptable level of reduction was not achieved. Subsequently, intramedullary nails were replaced with&nbsp;new nails. At the one year follow-up, the patient was observed to have a full range of motion and reported no pain or muscle weakness. Copyright © 2020, Zhamilov et al.A spinal subdural hematoma is a rare clinical entity and an uncommon urgent complication that can be associated with the use of vitamin K and less commonly nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants.&nbsp;It is considered a neurological emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention in the majority of the cases. Herein, we present an 84-year-old male patient with a history of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on apixaban who presented with complaints of bilateral lower extremity weakness, severe back pain, and urinary retention. His lumbar and thoracic spine images showed a diffuse spinal subdural hematoma. Urgent neurosurgical intervention was performed with minimal improvement in his symptoms postoperatively. We report a case of spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma related to apixaban use with relevant literature review. Copyright © 2020, Faiek et al.Background Hypoglycemia is a pathological condition in which the&nbsp;serum&nbsp;glucose level measures less than 3.0 mmol/L. It is a well-known complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. Age, body weight, gender, insulin usage, nutritional therapy, body mass index (BMI), the presence of diabetes complications, intensive care unit admission, and infection were reported as possible risk factors that&nbsp;may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze&nbsp;predisposing factors&nbsp;for hypoglycemia among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes in King Abdulaziz Medical City. Method This is a retrospective, case-control study design. The study included 326 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes; 152 experienced hypoglycemia (blood glucose less then 3.9) at least once during hospitalization and have been compared to 174 in the non-hypoglycemic group (blood glucose ?3.9). Data were extracted from their electronic medical records (EMRs). Results This study reported that patients with lower BMI ( © 2020, Alghamdi et al.Introduction Perforation, obstruction, and bleeding remain the most frequently encountered complications of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Bleeding may be in the form of hematemesis or melena. The treatment of choice in patients with a bleeding peptic ulcer is endoscopic ligation to maintain the hemostatic balance followed by the administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This study focuses on the evaluation and comparison of intravenous (IV) and oral PPIs in terms of prevention of re-bleeding after&nbsp;successful endoscopy for peptic ulcers. Methods A prospective, comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from January 1, 2018 to&nbsp;June 30, 2019. The trial included known cases of PUD admitted with active upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). They were randomly divided into two groups one received oral pantoprazole and the other was administered IV pantoprazole. The outcomes for both groups were compared. Data was entered and analyzed using&nbsp;Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY) Results There were 96 (48%) patients in the IV pantoprazole group and 104 (52%) in the oral group. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sbi-0640756.html From 24 hours after the medication onwards, the IV pantoprazole group showed a significant improvement in hemoglobin (Hb) levels (p 0.01); the group also showed improvement&nbsp;in supine systolic BP at 48 hours (p 0.04) and in diastolic BP at both 12 and 48 hours as compared to the oral pantoprazole group (p 0.05). The mean duration of hospital stay, need for blood transfusion and repeat endoscopy, re-bleeding, and mortality rates were similar for both groups (p &gt;0.05). Conclusion We could not find any statistically significant difference between oral and IV routes of pantoprazole administration in the prevention of rebleeding when used after successful therapeutic endoscopy in patients with bleeding PUDs. Copyright © 2020, Karim et al.OBJECTIVE &nbsp;Two different methods for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules (multi-pass&nbsp;conventional smear, MPCS; single-pass liquid-based cytology, SPLBC) were evaluated regarding the magnitude of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory sampling ratio, and basic demographic and ultrasonographic (USG) factors to predict such outcome. METHODS &nbsp;One thousand FNAB patients were retrospectively assessed. Of them, 517 nodules were evaluated with the conventional smear method, and the rest were evaluated with liquid-based cytology method using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. FNAB technique had certain procedural differences for both pathological methods. For conventional smear, a modified "needle-only" technique with three independent passes was performed, whereas a single pass was used for liquid-based cytology. The reduction of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results constituted the basis of this study. Pathological results, therefore, were subgrouped under "nondiagnostic/unsatisfactorystic rate than MPCS, and higher 77.6% vs 67.1%) Category II rate than MPCS.&nbsp;This may point to the possibility that MPCS method undercategorizes many benign (i.e., Category II)&nbsp;nodules under nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory category.&nbsp;The success of the former is due to the elimination of confounding material during the process. Single pass, also, increases patient comfort and compliance, and has&nbsp;additional advantages for the interventionalist, as it obviates the need to smear aspirates. This dramatically decreases the actual duration of the biopsy procedure and is free of interventionalist expertise for smearing. Copyright © 2020, Karakas et al.